2. Jewish Unity on Purim | Rabbi Eliezer Melamed | Beit Midrash

Shabbat and Holidays
The Laws of Purim

קטגוריה משנית

Purim is a special day for displaying Jewish unity. Haman’s decree was aimed at the entire Jewish people, with no distinction between righteous and wicked, poor and rich. One can learn from the ambitions of Israel’s enemies – to kill every single Jew – that the unique properties of Israel inhere in every Jew. God saved us all, and in so doing, transformed our grief into joy. Therefore, the joyous celebration of Purim must include every Jew. Accordingly, we are commanded to give mishlo’aĥ manot and matanot la-evyonim.
Moreover, the disunity of the Jewish people at the time enabled Haman to denounce them before King Aĥashverosh: "There is a certain people, scattered and dispersed among the other peoples in all the provinces of your realm…. If it please Your Majesty, let an edict be drawn for their destruction" (Esther 3:8-9). Similarly, Haman's decree was foiled by Jewish solidarity, as Esther said to Mordechai, "Go, assemble all the Jews who live in Shushan, and fast in my behalf; do not eat or drink for three days, night or day" (ibid. 4:16). In this way, Esther succeeded in nullifying the decree.
Indeed, Jewish unity is a precondition for receiving the Torah, as it says in reference to the giving of the Torah, "Israel encamped (vayiĥan) there in front of the mountain" (Shemot 19:2). Noting the verse’s use of the singular verb vayiĥan, the Sages explain that Israel encamped there "like one man with one heart" (Rashi). They did this "so that they would love each other, and thereby receive the Torah" (Mekhilta ad loc.). Only then did God say, "Behold, the time has come for Me to give the Torah to My children" (Vayikra Rabba 9:9). Just as a Torah scroll that is missing a single letter is entirely invalid, so too, if one of the 600,000 Jews who stood at Mount Sinai when the Torah was given would have been missing, we would not have been privileged to receive the Torah. The same is true of Purim. As a result of the harsh decree that unified the Jewish people, we were redeemed and were even privileged to accept the Torah anew, as the Sages relate that Israel accepted the Torah anew in the time of Aĥashverosh, out of love (Shabbat 88a). The same is true each and every year: We are able to receive the Torah anew, joyously, because of the unity that is revealed on Purim.